Bats and ectoparasites: exploring a hidden link in zoonotic disease transmission.

Bat-associated hematophagous ectoparasites have been found harboring zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens. Some species, such as bat ticks, occasionally feed on humans and other non-chiropteran hosts. A structured research strategy combined with risk assessment could enhance our understanding of which bat-associated parasites may act as vectors of zoonotic pathogens. Future research needs improved guidelines, focusing on a One Health strategy to predict and prevent potential pathogen spillovers. Bats are increasingly in the focus of disease surveillance studies as they harbor pathogens that can cause severe human disease. In other host groups, ectoparasitic arthropods play an important role in transmitting pathogens to humans. Nevertheless, we currently know little about the role of bat-associated ectoparasites in pathogen transmission, not only between bats but also to humans and other species, even though some of these parasites occasionally feed on humans and harbor potentially zoonotic organisms. In this work, we summarize current knowledge on the zoonotic risks linked to bat-associated ectoparasites and provide novel risk assessment guidelines to improve targeted surveillance efforts. Additionally, we suggest research directions to help adjust surveillance strategies and to better understand the eco-epidemiological role of these parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]