A systematic review of design and performance enhancement techniques for the reduction of radar cross section in multiple input multiple output antennas.

multiple-input multiple-output technology has emerged as a pivotal solution for addressing the capacity constraints of high-speed broadband wireless networks. By employing multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, multiple-input multiple-output significantly enhances wireless communication efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive review of multiple-input multiple-output antenna design strategies tailored for fifth-generation (5 G) networks and beyond. Specifically, it critically examines methodologies aimed at mitigating radar cross section in multiple-input multiple-output antennas, a crucial aspect of antenna engineering, especially in scenarios requiring reduced detectability. Various design and performance enhancement techniques proposed in the literature for RCS reduction in multiple-input multiple-output antennas are systematically analyzed, focusing on aspects such as antenna geometry and materials methods. Synthesizing these findings provides valuable insights into the current state of research, highlighting advancements, challenges, and future directions in developing efficient multiple-input multiple-output antennas with minimized radar cross section. This review contributes to antenna technology by aiding researchers and practitioners in informed decision-making regarding radar cross section reduction techniques for multiple-input multiple-output systems, and it identifies innovative approaches pertinent to multiple-input multiple-output applications. Finally, key considerations in multiple-input multiple-output antenna design are addressed, proposing potential directions for future research and development initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]