Enhancing the moral courage of nurses: A modified Delphi study.

Background: The urgency of ensuring adequate moral courage in clinical nursing practice is evident. However, currently, there are few formal intervention plans targeted at enhancing the moral courage of nurses. Aim: To develop a training program for improving the moral courage of nurses using the modified Delphi method. Research design: A modified Delphi study. Participants and research context: From November to December 2022, a literature review and expert group discussion were conducted to develop a preliminary training plan framework. From January to March 2023, a two-round Delphi survey was performed, and a consensus was reached regarding the plan through online questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (No. 138, 30 August 2021). All participants provided written informed consent. Results: Consensus was reached on eight themes and 33 items to strengthen the moral courage training program for nurses. Conclusions: Guided by a unified goal of moral education, a multi-level and acceptable intervention plan was designed to enhance the moral courage of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]