Study Of C Peptide Level Estimation in Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Introduction: According to WHO, in 2019, diabetes was the ninth leading cause of death with an estimated 1.5 million deaths directly caused by diabetes. In 2014, 8.5% of adults aged18 years and older had diabetes. The crude prevalence of diabetes in adults aged 20years or older in India increased by 39·4% . Key for prevention of the complication among the diabetic patients is prompt and aggressive treatment aimed at maintaining normal blood sugar levels. C-peptide is commonly used in preference to insulin measurement when assessing b-cell function in clinical practice. Age is a factor which is a determinant of functionality of the human body. Hence it needed to assess the effect of aging on the c-peptide levels i.e., the insulin production in the body. Early initiation of the insulin treatment for the patients of diabetes is depended on the c-peptide levels. This necessitates the need to understand the c-peptide levels as a proxy of insulin levels amongst the diabetics and the correlation between theage of the diabetes and the c-peptide levels. Objectives: To estimate the level of C-peptide in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and to correlate C-peptide levels in different age groups of newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetics Mellitus. Materials And Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted in KR Hospital, Mysuru. Patients who were newly diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, who satisfy the inclusion criteria and consented to participants in the study was included inthe study. Detailed history, Examination and investigations were done to the selected study participants. C-peptide levels was estimated in all the patients. Data was analysed using SPSS software. Results: Around 50% of the patients belonged to the age group of 30-40 years. While21.9% belong to 51-60 years. Mean age was 49.45 years. 5.71% of them fall under 71-80 years of age category. 52.38% of the study participants were males while 47.61%were females. Mean Fasting blood sugars and Post Prandial blood sugars of the newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus study participants are 217.85 mg/dl and 342.42 mg/dlrespectively. The mean glycosylated hemoglobin is 10.71% among the patients.68.57% of the newly detected diabetes mellitus in our study had high c-peptide levelswhile 31.42% of them had low c-peptide levels. Mean c-peptide levels among the study participants is 6.51 ng/ml with standard deviation of 1.14 ng/ml. There was a negative correlation between the age and c-peptide. The decrease in the c-peptide levels indicates low insulin production by the beta cells of pancreases. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is a strong negative correlation between the c-peptide levels and age among the study participants Thisindicates the true deficiency in the insulin production in our participants which bring the need for the early initiation of the insulin therapy, at the time of diagnosis in a newlydetected type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence, c-peptide levels measured at diagnosis orearlier after the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus at any age helps in understanding theinsulin reserve of the patients. Thus, better treatment can be given by seeing the c-peptidelevels to have good control of blood sugar levels and in preventing thecomplication of diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]