Optimizing the Pore Structure and Geometry of Polycaprolactone/Graphene Scaffold to Promote Osteogenesis.

Introduction: Pore structure and geometry are crucial in scaffold development for tissue engineering. From this viewpoint, pore geometry characterization methods will aid in understanding the influence of pore structure (pore size and diffusivity) on its properties. These properties determine how oxygen and water enter the scaffold, forming adsorption states. Previous studies showed that the addition of graphene (G) to polycaprolactone (PCL) increased the pore size, and played a significant role in tissue regeneration. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate pore structure, geometry, and viability that are suitable for osteogenesis. Materials and methods: Morphology, size, and size distribution of PCL and PCL/G scaffolds were measured at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 wt% G for the pore structure, while the connectivity of the scaffold's pore was analyzed using the geodesic tortuosity. This is essential because these factors promote the viability of osteogenesis-supporting cells. Results and discussion: The results showed that 3 wt% G had a good water diffusivity rate, larger pores, better connectivity, and viability than other concentrations. Conclusion: In conclusion, the presence of G in scaffolds affects the pore geometry and structure. This results in several advantageous effects that support osteogenesis, such as increased water and nutrient uptake, enhanced waste metabolism transport, and increased viability of the cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]