Design of a novel four-element Koch–Sierpinski fractal mmWave antenna for 5G applications.

The paper presents a novel fractal antenna in millimetre wavebands for 5G applications involving the fusion of Koch and Sierpinski methods. A four-element MIMO antenna is designed using a unique fractal structure. The proposed four-element MIMO antenna operates from 27.55 GHz to 28.6 GHz with a resonant frequency at 28 GHz and the obtained mutual coupling between the MIMO elements is well below −25 dB. The performance of the antenna is characterised in MIMO environment by studying the important MIMO parameters like Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), Mean Effective Gain (MEG) and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC). The proposed antenna is highly suitable for 5G applications in the mmWave spectrum owing to its stable and directional radiation patterns on both the E and H planes. A prototype of the proposed model is fabricated and measured results are obtained with good matching to the simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]