Microwave‐Assisted Fabrication of Highly Crystalline, Robust COF Membrane for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration.

Fabrication of crystalline, robust covalent organic framework (COF) membranes based on disorder‐to‐order strategy is promising yet highly challenging. Herein, a microwave‐assisted method for fabricating COF membranes is proposed. Initially, monomers polymerize rapidly on the surface of porous Al2O3 substrate at room temperature to form an amorphous pristine membrane. Subsequently, a microwave field is exerted to trigger fast crystallization, acquiring a crystalline COF membrane within 60 min. The amorphous pristine membrane exhibits a high dissipation factor, indicating excellent microwave absorption capability, which accelerates the dynamic reversible reactions during the microwave treatment and thus ensures a rapid transition from the amorphous to the crystalline state. Owing to the high‐crystallinity and robust structure, the COF membranes exhibit high rejection rates for solute molecules with molecular weights exceeding 700 Da (e.g., Evans blue: 98.7%) and high solvent permeance for organic solvents (e.g., ethanol: 87.8 Lm−2h−1 bar−1, n‐hexane: 222.3 Lm−2h−1 bar−1). Surprisingly, the COF membranes exhibit superior mechanical properties, with Young's modulus of 33.91 ± 3.94 GPa, outperforming previously reported polycrystalline COF membranes and are close to those for inorganic zeolite membranes. The microwave‐assisted COF crystallization method opens a new avenue to fabricating a variety of crystalline membranes for advanced separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]