A new single multiplicative neuron model artificial neural network based on black hole optimization algorithm: forecasting the amounts of clean water given to metropolis.

An urban water demand with high accuracy and reliability plays fundamental role in creating a predictive water supply system. This is necessary to implement mechanisms and systems that can be used to estimate water demands. The paper aims to forecast the amounts of clean water given to metropolis with single multiplicative neuron model artificial neural network. For this purpose, a regular data set of Istanbul metropolis was selected as a model and utilised in the application process. Single multiplicative neuron model artificial neural network is a neural network that does not have the hidden layer unit number problem that many shallow and deep artificial neural networks have. In this study, the black hole optimization algorithm is used for the first time in the literature for the training of the single multiplicative neuron model artificial neural network. In line with the analysis results, it is concluded that the proposed new approach achieved better prediction results than the other compared methods for the time series of amounts of clean water given to metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]