TÜRKİYE İMALAT SANAYİNDE AR-GE PERSONELİ ve İHRACAT İLİŞKİSİ: TODA YAMAMOTO NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA.

Technological innovation is considered a key element of industrialization and determines the efficiency of a country's pattern of opening up. The role of innovation in building a strong export system is related to various channels of domestic innovation and international technology spillovers. The impact of innovation on exports can be associated with domestic R&D efforts and technological spillovers of foreign R&D. The strongest consensus in the theoretical literature is that exports are often a by-product of the innovative activities of domestic firms. This study investigates the causality relationship between the number of R&D personnel working in the manufacturing industry and exports in Turkey. The study covers the period 2009-2022. Toda Yamamoto causality analysis was used to test causality and a bidirectional causality relationship was found both from exports to R&D personnel and from R&D personnel to exports. In order to further increase the export competitiveness of Turkey's manufacturing industry, some suggestions can be made, such as paying attention to the development of digital infrastructure, optimizing the integration of the manufacturing sector and the digital economy, and increasing international cooperation in digital technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]