Clostridial Infections in Cattle: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Current Data Gaps in Brazil.

Simple Summary: Clostridial infections in cattle are a major veterinary concern in Brazil, significantly impacting the country's livestock industry. These infections are caused by various Clostridium species, which are anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria capable of producing powerful toxins. The main clostridial diseases affecting cattle in Brazil include botulism, tetanus, blackleg, malignant edema and enterotoxemia. Prevention and control measures of regular vaccination programs are crucial in preventing clostridial diseases. Ensuring proper hygiene, especially during surgical procedures, and minimizing injuries can help reduce the risk of infection. Surveillance and research are essential for understanding the epidemiology of these diseases and improving control strategies. Monitoring outbreaks and investigating new cases help in adapting vaccination protocols and management practices. The economic impact of clostridial infections causes significant economic losses in Brazil's cattle industry due to high mortality rates, decreased productivity, and the costs associated with vaccination and treatment. Effective prevention and control strategies are crucial to mitigate these losses and ensure the health and productivity of cattle herds. Clostridial infections in cattle are a significant concern for Brazilian livestock. These diseases are caused by various species of Clostridium, which are known for their ability to produce potent toxins. Botulism in cattle is a serious and often fatal condition caused by the ingestion of neurotoxins produced by C. botulinum. This bacterium thrives in decomposing organic matter, such as spoiled feed, carcasses, and contaminated water. Tetanus is less common, but it is a serious disease that follows the contamination of wounds with Clostridium tetani spores. It results in muscle stiffness, spasms, and often death due to respiratory failure. Blackleg (C. chauvoei) is a disease that primarily affects young cattle, leading to acute lameness, swelling, and high fever. Malignant edema (C. septicum and others) is characterized by rapid onset of swelling at wound sites, and it can occur after injuries or surgical procedures. Enterotoxemia is triggered by the rapid growth of C. perfringens in the gut following excessive carbohydrate intake. This leads to toxin production that causes sudden death. In conclusion, clostridial bovine infections remain a persistent challenge for Brazilian cattle farmers. With continued focus on vaccination, good management practices, and research, the impact of these diseases can be minimized, safeguarding the livestock industry's economic viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]