Ultrasonic Enhancement for Mineral Flotation: Technology, Device, and Engineering Applications.

In the past five years, the number of articles related to ultrasonic mineral flotation has increased by about 50 per year, and the overall trend is on the rise. The most recent developments in ultrasonics for flotation process intensification are reviewed herein, including effects of ultrasound treatment on an aqueous slurry, improvement in flotation methods and technological processes, device development tracking, and application effects in mineral process engineering. At this point in time, there are pilot-scale flotation tests to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasonic pretreatment technology for industrial use to enhance residue flotation separation, and the results showed that the recovery rate of concentrate is increased by about 10%. Four aspects of ultrasonic flotation process improvement are summarized, namely, changing the ultrasonic parameters, the synergistic effect of ultrasound and reagents, the ultrasonic effect of particles with different-sized fractions, and application to new systems. In addition, the effect of ultrasonic flotation mechanisms is explored through a quadratic model and numerical simulation. The combination of ultrasonic flotation with other fields, such as magnetic fields, to enhance the separation efficiency and recovery of minerals is also a future trend. It is also proposed that ultrasonic flotation technology will be used with big data, industrial Internet of Things, and automatic control technology to achieve deep bundling, optimizing the flotation process by implementing remote monitoring and control of the flotation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]