Wild grass‐derived alleles represent a genetic architecture for the resilience of modern common wheat to stresses.

SUMMARY: This review explores the integration of wild grass‐derived alleles into modern bread wheat breeding to tackle the challenges of climate change and increasing food demand. With a focus on synthetic hexaploid wheat, this review highlights the potential of genetic variability in wheat wild relatives, particularly Aegilops tauschii, for improving resilience to multifactorial stresses like drought, heat, and salinity. The evolutionary journey of wheat (Triticum spp.) from diploid to hexaploid species is examined, revealing significant genetic contributions from wild grasses. We also emphasize the importance of understanding incomplete lineage sorting in the genomic evolution of wheat. Grasping this information is crucial as it can guide breeders in selecting the appropriate alleles from the gene pool of wild relatives to incorporate into modern wheat varieties. This approach improves the precision of phylogenetic relationships and increases the overall effectiveness of breeding strategies. This review also addresses the challenges in utilizing the wheat wild genetic resources, such as the linkage drag and cross‐compatibility issues. Finally, we culminate the review with future perspectives, advocating for a combined approach of high‐throughput phenotyping tools and advanced genomic techniques to comprehensively understand the genetic and regulatory architectures of wheat under stress conditions, paving the way for more precise and efficient breeding strategies. Significance Statement: Our review summarizes recent progress in genetic diversity in wheat, particularly from wild emmer and Aegilops tauschii, for enhancing resilience to multifactorial stresses. It highlights the promise of synthetic hexaploid wheat in improving yield and stress resilience. With the growing impact of climate change, we culminate the review with future perspectives, advocating for combining advanced genomic techniques and high‐throughput phenotyping tools for wheat breeding, ensuring sustainable food security in the face of environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]