HOXDeRNA activates a cancerous transcription program and super enhancers via genome-wide binding.

The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in malignant cell transformation remains elusive. We previously identified an enhancer-associated lncRNA, LINC01116 (named HOXDeRNA), as a transformative factor converting human astrocytes into glioma-like cells. Employing a combination of CRISPR editing, chromatin isolation by RNA purification coupled with sequencing (ChIRP-seq), in situ mapping RNA-genome interactions (iMARGI), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), HiC, and RNA/DNA FISH, we found that HOXDeRNA directly binds to CpG islands within the promoters of 35 glioma-specific transcription factors (TFs) distributed throughout the genome, including key stem cell TFs SOX2, OLIG2, POU3F2, and ASCL1, liberating them from PRC2 repression. This process requires a distinct RNA quadruplex structure and other segments of HOXDeRNA, interacting with EZH2 and CpGs, respectively. Subsequent transformation activates multiple oncogenes (e.g., EGFR, miR-21, and WEE1), driven by the SOX2- and OLIG2-dependent glioma-specific super enhancers. These results help reconstruct the sequence of events underlying the process of astrocyte transformation, highlighting HOXDeRNA's central genome-wide activity and suggesting a shared RNA-dependent mechanism in otherwise heterogeneous and multifactorial gliomagenesis. [Display omitted] • HOXDeRNA transforms astrocytes into glioma-like stem cells • HOXDeRNA directly binds to PRC2-covered CpG islands in the promoters of glioma driver genes • HOXDeRNA removes EZH2 through its RNA quadruplex sequences Deforzh et al. demonstrate the ability of the lncRNA HOXDeRNA to transform astrocytes into glioma-like stem cells by sequestering and protecting key glioma genes from Polycomb2 repression in an RNA quadruplex-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]