Stochastic Phase Model with Reflective Boundary and Induced Beating: An Approach for Cardiac Muscle Cells.

We examine stochastic phase models for the community effect of cardiac muscle cells. Our model extends the stochastic integrate-and-fire model by incorporating irreversibility after beating, induced beating, and refractoriness. We focus on investigating the expectation and variance in the synchronized beating interval. Specifically, for a single isolated cell, we obtain the closed-form expectation and variance in the beating interval, discovering that the coefficient of variation has an upper limit of 2 / 3 . For two coupled cells, we derive the partial differential equations for the expected synchronized beating intervals and the distribution density of phases. Furthermore, we consider the conventional Kuramoto model for both two- and N-cell models. We establish a new analysis using stochastic calculus to obtain the coefficient of variation in the synchronized beating interval, thereby improving upon existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]