Structural, Magnetic, Morphology, Optical, and Vibrational Properties of In Substituted La2CuO4 Nanoparticles.

Perovskite type nanocrystals of La2 − xInxCuO4 were prepared by using the combustion method. The magnetic, optical, morphology, structural, and vibrational characteristics were investigated using techniques like XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, VSM, EDX, and DRS-UV. The development of the pure La2CuO4 perovskite structure was established by XRD analysis. When there is an increase in the indium ion concentration (x = 0.00 to 0.25), orthorhombic phase takes place. The orthorhombic structure crystallite size is from 54 to 38 nm, respectively. The oxidation states of the synthesized nanoparticles were carried out via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TG-DTA studies confirmed weight loss and exothermic transitions. Because of quantum confinement phenomena, the direct band gap energy increases with an increase in In3+ ion content (1.70 to 1.73 eV) and that was calculated using the Kubelka–Munk method. The La2CuO4 system demonstrates the formation of nanoscale crystalline grains with fused grain boundaries, resulting in the presence of pores and pore walls. The magnetization-field method yields hysteresis curves at room temperature (RT) that indicate the existence of ferro/paramagnetic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]