Optimizing residential comfort and sustainability: A critical assessment of insulation materials and passive design techniques case study in Iraq.

Insulating the building envelope is essential for creating an energy-efficient and pleasant interior space since the envelope is responsible for 50–60% of the total heat gain/loss in a structure. Prior research mostly focused on using lifespan cost as the main factor for choosing the best insulating materials, without much attention given to embodied energy, emissions, and the possibility of summer overheating. This article explores how insulating materials and design tactics might improve the energy efficiency of residential structures. Contrasting conventional dwelling designs with novel passive housing concepts highlights the importance of deliberate design and material selection. The research provides a detailed analysis emphasizing the potential for enhanced thermal performance and energy savings. The findings indicate a 23.44% reduction in consumption rate, promoting a sustainable and environmentally conscientious approach to home building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]