인간-동물 키메라 생성의 허용 범위와 입법 과제.

The rapid development of human-animal chimera technology is providing groundbreaking opportunities in disease treatment and medical development. But at the same time, it is raising fundamental legal and ethical problems. In this study, human-animal chimeras are classified into three types according to their characteristics: organ chimeras, embryonic chimeras, and cell chimeras, and their problems are analyzed. Human-animal chimeras have great advantages as an alternative to human organ transplantation, or as an alternative to human experiments. But they also cause technical problems such as immune rejection, infection, and other complications, and more fundamentally, they blur the boundary between humans and animals. Concerns have been raised that the human dignity will be undermined and ethical problems will be raised. The ‘Bioethics and Safety Act’, which was enacted 20 years ago to address problems arising from the development of biotechnology, is difficult to apply to current human-animal chimera research. The ‘prohibition of interspecies implantation, etc.’ clause, which was created to prevent hybridization between humans and animals, cannot be applied to experiments using chimeric embryos, and there is also no clause prohibiting the creation of cell chimeras using human neurons or organoids. Under the current legal system, such critical issues are left to guidelines or review committees. In other countries, the level of tolerance for human-animal chimera research varies depending on the country’s cultural, religious, and industrial circumstances. Another reason why the existing legal system cannot regulate the creation of human-animal chimeras is because it presupposes a dichotomy between humans and animals. Due to the limitations of such dichotomy, it is difficult to cope with the current situation in which a third life form with cognitive abilities similar to humans is about to be created. Likewise, dignity, which is the ethical basis for placing humans above animals in the Constitution, is also difficult to apply to human-animal chimeras. In this paper, we analyzed the legislative gap in the bioethics law and chimera law related to human-animal chimeras and suggested regulation measures, while also raising the problems of the human-animal dichotomy and the need for new legislation. We also reviewed the acceptable range of human-animal chimeras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]