Deformation behaviour of 3D-printed concrete elements induced by plastic shrinkage.

This study investigates the shrinkage-induced deformation behaviour of 3D-printed concrete, which exhibits unique characteristics compared to traditionally cast concrete. Through a comprehensive analysis, the onset, direction, and magnitude of deformations in 3D-printed elements are analyzed. Leveraging extensive experimental data, both analytical and numerical models were developed to predict these deformations accurately. Developed models demonstrate strong alignment with experimental results, particularly in the case of a 3D-printed concrete wall. The findings provide valuable insights and tools for advancing the understanding and application of 3D-printed concrete in construction. • The shrinkage-induced deformation behaviour of 3D-printed concrete elements differs from that of cast concrete elements. • The deformation behaviour of the 3D-printed elements was described. • 3D-printed concrete elements do not follow the common volumetric strain model. • Thermal expansion may significantly affect the deformation behaviour of 3D-printed concrete elements. • Additionally to the volumetric strains, 3D-printed concrete elements experience a curling at the edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]