Impact of Altered Gut Microbiota on Ketamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice.

This article examines the relationship between altered gut microbiota and ketamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. The study found that repeated ketamine administration led to CPP and significant changes in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. Certain microbial families and genera were found to be different in the ketamine-exposed group compared to the control group. The study also revealed that ketamine dependence affected proteins associated with the gut-brain axis. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota may play a role in mediating ketamine-induced CPP and offer insights for addiction treatment strategies. The article also discusses the effects of ketamine addiction on various biological markers and systems in mice. Ketamine administration resulted in changes in proteins and neurotransmitters associated with drug dependence, as well as alterations in serum neurotransmitter levels. Ketamine addiction also impacted the intestinal barrier and caused structural changes in the gut microbiota. The study further explored the influence of gut microbiota on ketamine abuse by depleting the microbiota with antibiotics, which affected behavioral responses to ketamine. These findings suggest that changes in gut microbiota may contribute to the development of addictive behaviors caused by ketamine. The article focuses on the role of gut microbiota in ketamine addiction. Using a mouse model, the study investigated the effects of ketamine on gut microbiota composition and its impact on addictive behaviors. The results indicated that ketamine-induced changes in gut microbiota were associated with alterations in neurotransmitter levels, intestinal barrier integrity, and key [Extracted from the article]