Distribution of Nutrients P, N, and C in Burullus Wetland Sediments and Assessment of its Pollution Levels.

Burullus wetland is a vital ecological zone, recognized for its rich biodiversity. It is part of the Burullus Protected Area, which was declared a Ramsar site in 1988 because of its importance as a wetland habitat. This study evaluated the nutrient status and pollution levels of the surface sediments in Burullus wetland, Egypt. Sediment samples from thirty stations covering the area of the wetland were collected and tested for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations. Results indicated that TOC levels ranged from 1.33 to 4.26%, with the highest concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) at sites impacted by terrestrial runoff and aquaculture zones. TN levels ranged from 0.063 to 0.404%, with maximum values observed near the agricultural runoff areas. TP content varied from 607 to 3541µg/g, with elevated levels at sites affected by anthropogenic sources, such as fertilizers and sewage. These values exceeded environmental background levels (for organic matter, TN, and TP: 1.14, 0.105, and 0.03, respectively), indicating a significant pollution. The highest concentrations of TN and TP were recorded in the eastern and central regions of the wetland, particularly in front of Drain 8, where severe pollution levels were noted. The study employed the organic pollution index (OPI) and enrichment factor (EF) to assess the extent of organic and nutrient pollution. The findings revealed severe nutrient and organic pollution in Burullus wetland, driven by agricultural runoff, aquaculture, and wastewater discharge, with a significant spatial variability across the sampling sites. Elevated levels of total organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus increase the risk of eutrophication, highlighting the urgent need for pollution control measures to protect the lake's ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]