宁夏回族自治区2012—2023年百日咳流行病学特征分析.

Objective To clarify the epidemiological and spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of pertussis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023, providing reference for pertussis prevention and control. Methods Case information was obtained from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and immunization history information was obtained from the Immunization Planning Information System of Ningxia. Descriptive epidemiological methods and spatiotemporal scan analysis were used for analysis. Results From 2012 to 2023, totally 1 394 pertussis cases were reported in Ningxia, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.66/100 000. The overall incidence showed a fluctuating upward trend, with the highest annual incidence rates in 2022 (16.78/100 000), 2019 (1.02/100 000), and 2021 (0.70/100 000). No cases were reported in 2013. The incidence showed a unimodal distribution, with a peak in July-August. Spatiotemporal scan analysis identified 9 spatiotemporal clusters in 2022, with a relative risk ranging from 5.81 to 113.92. These clusters covered 4 municipalities and 14 counties, with the primary cluster located in Jinfeng District of Yinchuan city, with a clustering period from April to September 2022. The high-risk population was concentrated in the age groups of 0 years, 1 to 4 years, and 5 to 9 years, with significantly higher incidence rates in 2022 compared to 2019, increasing by 5.53 times, 11.29 times, and 581.52 times, respectively. The proportions of cases with immunization history and complete four-dose immunization history were 75.47% and 60.40%, respectively. Conclusion From 2012 to 2023, pertussis incidence in Ningxia showed a fluctuating upward trend with spatiotemporal clustering. The disease mainly affected infants with incomplete basic immunization and school-age children (5 to 9 years) without complete immunization. It is necessary to improve the pertussis surveillance system, optimize pertussis immunization strategies, and enhance timely vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]