Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness.

Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is a conditioikb1n where platelet counts fail to increase adequately in several transfusions, often found in hemato-oncological situations. PTR poses life-threatening risks to patients, especially in cases when the platelet is very low, and transfusion is life-saving. It can be differentiated into immune or non-immune causes. While non-immune causes predominate, immune factors, particularly anti-HLA antibodies, are also notable in many cases. Accurately determining if platelet transfusion failure originates from an immune or non-immune cause is vital due to differing treatments, particularly the need for HLA-compatible platelets with immune causes. Yet, a lack of consensus exists regarding the diagnostic methods and treatment modalities. Therefore, this review aims to explore the origins, mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and management approaches concerning PTR. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY TITLE: Platelet Transfusion Failure PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is when platelet levels do not rise enough after several transfusions, often seen in malignancy and blood disorder. It's risky, especially when patients urgently need platelets to survive. PTR can happen because of immune or non-immune reasons. While non-immune causes are more common, immune factors, like anti-HLA antibodies, are also important. Figuring out if PTR is from an immune or non-immune cause is crucial because treatments differ, especially needing matching platelets for immune causes. But, there is still no agreement on how to diagnose and treat PTR. This review looks at why it happens, how to diagnose it, and ways to manage it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]