Effect of analogue nucleating agent on the interface polarization and energy-storage performance of NaNbO3-based glass-ceramics.

NaNbO 3 -based glass-ceramics have garnered considerable attention owing to their high dielectric constant (ε r), low dielectric loss (tan δ), excellent chemical stability and tunable dielectric properties. Nonetheless, one major obstacle restricting the applications of NaNbO 3 -based glass-ceramics in energy-storage capacitors is their low breakdown strength (BDS) caused by interface polarization. In this work, the grains of glass-ceramics turn into fine and uniform from agglomeration via adding nucleating agent analogue HfO 2 to Na 2 O–Nb 2 O 5 –CaO–SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 (NNCBS–H) glass matrix. Thus, the long-range migration of space charge is frozen by the refined grains, which is conducive to diminishing the interfacial polarization of glass-ceramics. Moreover, the band gap energy (E g) of NNCBS-H glass-ceramics elevates from 3.21 eV to 3.30 eV with the incorporation of HfO 2 with wide band gap, enhancing its insulating performance. Ultimately, NNCBS-H4 glass-ceramics achieve a remarkable energy storage density (W rec) of 3.8 J/cm3, establishing an effective approach and precedent for developing glass-ceramic materials with high energy storage properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]