Clown politics: history, populism, and tragic farce.

Contemporary right-wing populism mixes comic performance with authoritarian and reactionary sentiments in troubling ways, as much recent work has observed. We might thus be said to be living in an era of 'tragic farce' in which Marx's famous distinction between genres of historical action has collapsed. To engage with these questions, this article focuses on the clown as a figure in which aesthetics and politics intersect in crucial ways. Through readings of Adorno, Deleuze, Agamben and Žižek, I show how the clown has been an enduring concern for theory. I also analyze Todd Phillips' 2019 film Joker, including the furor that greeted its release, in order to argue for a mode of aesthetic populism in which the category of 'people' remains a virtual or potential category that can drive artistic practice. To describe this, I draw on what Deleuze, in his philosophy of cinema, termed fabulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]