Multi-omics analysis identified extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.

Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising non-invasive liquid biopsy technique due to their accessibility and their ability to encapsulate and transport diverse biomolecules. EVs have garnered substantial research interest, notably in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), where their roles in pathophysiology and as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are increasingly recognized. This review provides a comprehensive overview of EVs, starting with their origins, followed by the techniques used for their isolation and characterization. We explore the diverse cargo of EVs, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, highlighting their roles in intercellular communication and as potential biomarkers. We then delve into the application of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in the analysis of EVs, particularly within the context of CVDs. Finally, we discuss how integrated multi-omics approaches are unveiling novel biomarkers, offering fresh insights into the diagnosis and prognosis of CVDs. This review underscores the growing importance of EVs in clinical diagnostics and the potential of multi-omics to propel future advancements in CVD biomarker discovery. This review summarizes methods for isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and the utilization of cargoes in extracellular vesicles by transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in cardiovascular disease as diagnostic or prognostic markers of cardiovascular disease. [Display omitted] Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising non-invasive liquid biopsy technique, garnering significant attention in the field of biopsy technology owing to their accessibility and their capacity for encapsulating and transporting cargoes. Mounting researches highlight the pivotal role of EVs in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and emphasize their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This review offers a comprehensive overview that delves into the biological characteristics of EVs, the methods for their isolation and identification , and discusses recent advancements in utilizing multi-omics tools to diagnose and prognosticate CVD through EV analysis. The key highlights of this review include: • Summary of diverse sources of EVs, isolation methodologies, and omics techniques, encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolism/lipidomics approaches, aimed at biomarker discovery. • A comprehensive multi-omics analysis concerning the utilization of EVs as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. • Discussion on the emerging vesiculomics technology focusing on EVs, with integrated multi-omics analysis anticipated as the future direction of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]