The Green Ages.

This article provides a historical review of recycling, emphasizing its importance in human survival and economic management. It discusses how our ancestors repurposed waste materials and highlights the value of a circular economy. The article also explores the decline of recycling practices in the mid-twentieth century due to factors such as cheap products and anti-repair design. However, it notes a recent shift towards self-sufficiency and independence, with design courses now prioritizing repairability and reusability. The article also discusses the history of paper, suggesting alternative solutions to the current reliance on wood-based paper. It traces the history of European paper from parchment to recycled textiles, and highlights the environmental impact of deforestation. The concept of upcycling and creative reuse is also explored, with examples from ancient Rome. The article concludes by noting the growing interest in ecological issues and recycling today. [Extracted from the article]