Geospatial intelligence in geotechnical engineering: a comprehensive investigation into SPT-N, soil types, and undrained shear strength for enhanced site characterization.

The primary challenges in metropolitan planning, selection of sites, and developing preemptive safety measures lie in the characterization and precise appraisal of underground soil info from geotechnical and geological perspectives. In this context, this article addresses the utilization and evaluation of inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation techniques to characterize and construct geotechnical soil models (GSMs) through a conventional Geographic Information System (GIS). Soil data was dragged from 112 soil exploration reports, focusing on parameters such as undrained shear strength (S u) , soil types and standard penetration resistance (N-value). The GSMs based on N-value, soil types, and S u have been accomplished using the IDW method within ArcGIS. The findings revealed that the investigated region could be classified into four zones based on N-values, namely zone-A(7–15), zone-B(16–25), zone-C(50–65), and zone-D(> 100/Refusal). Higher N-values were attributed to the presence of gravel/shale/limestone/sandstone, while lower values were associated with the presence of alluvial strata. Empirical models with high correlation coefficients (up to 0.99) were developed for each zone to estimate soil stiffness and strength attributes based on N-values promptly. Shale/sandstone/limestone prevail on the east/west side of the study area, while the central-north section comprises silty-clay/lean-clay. Gravels underlain by sandy soils characterize the central-south side. S u within the study region ranged from 5 to 390 kPa, with correlation coefficients of 81% for S u prediction, 86% for N-values, and 82.3% for soil types. A thorough comprehension of geotechnical parameters would benefit structural designers as they aim to improve land-use planning and establish essential remedial actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]