Examining strategies, policies, and guidance for addressing wrong-way driving in the United States: A comprehensive national survey.

• Comprehensive investigation into the current and emerging solutions, policies, and guidance employed by various agencies to mitigate wrong-way driving (WWD) activities in the United States. • Survey traffic and safety engineers from all 50 state transportation agencies and 59 tollway authorities across the nation. • The insights gathered from the survey and interviews with different agencies are invaluable in shaping safe system approaches to mitigate WWD issues. • Lay the groundwork for developing national guidelines to reduce WWD crashes and incidents on divided highways. Introduction: This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the current and emerging solutions, policies, and guidance employed by various agencies to mitigate wrong-way driving (WWD) activities in the United States. The study utilized a two-pronged approach, involving an online survey and follow-up phone interviews with respondents from state transportation agencies, tollway authorities, and law enforcement. Methods: The initial step involved conducting an online survey to gather general insights about the existing strategies and practices used to combat WWD. The survey questionnaire, consisting of 12 questions, covered topics such as mitigation strategies/policies, guidance for selecting countermeasures, and topics/needs for national handbook. The survey was emailed to traffic and safety engineers from all 50 state transportation agencies and 59 tollway authorities across the nation. As the second step, follow-up phone interviews were conducted with respondents identified from the online survey. The interviews delved deeper into specific aspects such as crash/incident data collection methods, identification of crash-prone locations, countermeasure selection and implementation, experience with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications, and future initiatives. Results: The findings from the survey and interviews indicated an increasing awareness and adoption of best practices to combat WWD. Various states have implemented new policies and advanced technologies to deter WWD incidents. The insights gathered from the survey and interviews with different agencies are invaluable in shaping safe system approaches and guidelines for the national handbook on WWD solutions. Practical applications: Overall, this study sheds light on the efforts and progress made by state transportation agencies, tollway authorities, and law enforcement in addressing the critical issue of WWD. By gathering valuable lessons and practices from the various agencies, this research lays the groundwork for developing national guidelines to reduce WWD crashes and incidents on divided highways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]