Identification of morphology, endogenous hormones and nutrient Fe, Mg, N of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) off-type post-acclimatization.

Clonal propagation of oil palm has long been developed and is an alternative to producing quality seeds. The explant sources commonly used are young leaves, propagated by the somatic embryogenesis method. Oil palm propagation from sampling young leaves to producing plantlets takes about three years. The propagation process begins with sampling, sterilization, callus induction, embryo induction, shoot propagation, shoot enlargement, and root induction. Each stage is monitored, particularly in media use and subculture time. This is done to anticipate the occurrence of mantle fruit when planted in the garden. The study was conducted on one of the genotypes of the virescens variety, where several embryos were found to produce plantlets that were identified as off-type. Plantlet morphology selection was carried out before entering the acclimatization stage. Two types of plantlets were found that had normal morphology and height, but there were differences in the length of the leaf midrib. Identification and observations were carried out starting from plantlets to the post-acclimatization stage. The morphological characteristics of off-type oil palm seeds after acclimatization were dark green leaves, stiff, prominent leaf veins, and slow growth in height. Post-acclimatization off-type seeds can return to normal after 4-6 months of treatment. Analysis of endogenous hormones in oil palm leaves that were identified as normal found BAP 32.48 ppm and ABA 0.62 ppm. In contrast to off-type plants, BAP was found around 0.95 – 7.62 ppm and ABA around 2.54 – 3.44 ppm. analysis of the nutrients element of iron (0.03 – 536 ppm), magnesium (836-1448 ppm), and nitrogen (1.72 – 2.32 ppm) in off-type oil palm plants which were higher than normal plants (Fe 3.6 ppm, Mg 732 ppm, N 1.55 ppm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]