Engaging Refugee Volunteers in Co-creation: The Role of Non-profit Leadership.

Engagement of vulnerable groups in co-creation has attracted growing scholarly and policy interest. Most research, however, focuses on the public sector, and less is known about the factors that support co-creation with these groups in the third sector. This study explores the role of non-profit leadership in engaging refugees in co-creation through volunteering. It draws on evidence from Veiviser—an NGO-initiated project in Bergen (Norway)—where refugees co-create their integration services by volunteering alongside established immigrants and Norwegian-born volunteers. The findings suggest that engaging vulnerable groups in co-creation in the third sector may be easier because of its voluntary nature and the gatekeeping role of non-profit leaders in a selection process that favors people who are more motivated to participate and capable of doing so. The findings also reveal that creating an environment conducive to participation is critical, requiring leadership commitment to building trust, creating a safe space for participation, fostering equality, and empowering refugee participation. Several leadership tactics for achieving these goals are identified, and implications for practice and theory are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]