Shedding-scheme transition of hemisphere near wake dependent on Reynolds number.

The shedding-scheme transition of hemispherical wake is investigated with time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry. Experiments are carried out with Reynolds numbers based on the hemisphere radius R in the range of R e r = 924 – 2315 , crossing the critical value of R e r ≈ 2000. The variation of the hemispherical wake across the critical Reynolds number is carefully studied, and a detailed mechanism of the shedding-scheme transition is explored. A singular-shedding pattern of hairpin vortices at a low Rer is replaced by a pairing-shedding pattern at a moderate Rer, and finally, a less ordered wake and an unstable shedding pattern are observed at Rer > 2000. The onset of the pairing-shedding pattern is due to a streamwise modulation caused by the varicose modes, which is related to the Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability. Consequently, the pseudo-periodicity induced by the K–H instability is observed in the wake. When Rer > 2000, the stronger sinuous modulation intensifies interactions among the hairpin vortices, leading to frequent absorption and annihilation of those coherent structures, which further makes the dominant frequency of main hairpin vortices halved downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]