Safety of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana for Wild and Laboratory-Reared Chrysoperla lucasina Strains.

Simple Summary: Natural predators such as the chrysopid Chrysoperla lucasina occur in agroecosystems, where they naturally contribute to containing pest populations. Their biological properties can be leveraged by mass rearing in the laboratory and releasing them in the field, where they can express their predatory potential against pest species. To ensure the preservation of these beneficial species, plant protection products should be harmless to them. Accordingly, the use of biopesticides based on microbial entomopathogens, such as the fungus Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040, is promoted as they are generally regarded as safe to non-target species. However, such safety should be demonstrated case by case. In addition, safety should be ensured for both the wild species and those released for biological control. This study involved experiments including laboratory-reared and wild C. lucasina larvae and determined only slight or no effects of B. bassiana on their survival, immature development, adult emergence, and reproductive potential. These findings highlight the compatibility of the predator and this strain of B. bassiana, emphasising the opportunity for their combined use in environmentally friendly pest management strategies. The need to reduce the impact of plant protection products on agroecosystems fosters the use of augmentative biological control involving the release of beneficial species into the field, the employment of entomopathogenic microbials, and the protection of naturally occurring biocontrol agents. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana with the generalist insect predator Chrysoperla lucasina, in comparative experiments involving a laboratory-reared and a wild chrysopid strain. The larvae of the predators were exposed to different concentrations of fungal conidia up to a concentration of 107 conidia/mL by contact and ingestion. The treated insects showed only slight differences in terms of survival and immature development time compared to the untreated control insects. A significant decrease in the proportion of the male adults of C. lucasina that emerged from the laboratory-reared larvae that were exposed to higher concentrations of the fungus suggested a potentially different susceptibility between the sexes. A slightly lower adult emergence rate was observed in the wild strain, while no significant differences were recorded in the adult reproductive performance. These findings indicate that the B. bassiana strain ATCC 74040, at concentrations commonly used in the field, did not pose a significant risk to C. lucasina and can be safely used in combination with this predator for sustainable pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]