Total Antioxidant Capacity and Levels of Epidermal Growth Factor and Nitric Oxide in Blood and Saliva of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients

Background: The aim of this study was to examine how type 1 diabetic patients have altered levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, NO and EGF in their plasma and saliva. We tested the differences in lipid peroxidation level, antioxidant power, and concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nitric oxide (NO) in saliva and blood of type 1 diabetic subjects in comparison to healthy control subjects. Methods: Nineteen subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 19 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study. Blood and saliva samples were obtained and analyzed for thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing ability (total antioxidant power), EGF and NO levels. Results: TBARS levels did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Analysis of antioxidant power revealed that saliva and plasma of diabetic patients had more antioxidant power (p <0.01) than the healthy control population (107 ± 10.35 vs. 11.14 ± 4.66 and 192 ± 12.3 vs. 142 ± 15.2 mmol/L, respectively). Concentration of EGF was increased (p <0.01) in saliva whereas it was reduced (p <0.01) in plasma of diabetic patients in comparison to those of healthy subjects (2423 ± 322 vs. 1513 ± 341 and 125 ± 14 vs. 346 ± 60 pg/mL, respectively). NO level increased in both saliva and plasma of diabetic patients in comparison to those of healthy subjects (46.61 ± 7 vs. 72.89 ± 13 and 62.11 ± 4.6 vs. 76.25 ± 5 μmol/L, respectively). Blood HbA1c (%) of patients was significantly higher than that of controls (8.3 ± 0.32 vs. 5.4 ± 0.24, p <0.01). Conclusions: Existence of increased total antioxidant power in the presence of normal lipid peroxidation in plasma and saliva of type 1 diabetic patients indicates the existence of oxidative stress. Increased salivary EGF and NO levels in association with elevated TAOP is interesting and should be further studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]