Hybrid nanofluid flow with multiple slips over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet embedded in a porous medium: Dual solutions and stability analysis.

Both hybrid nanofluid and porous media (e.g., sand, composite materials, and metal foams) are utilized for heat transfer enhancement and can be found during the filtration of oil flow, thermal insulation, and heat exchangers. The current investigation examines the movement of a water-based hybrid Ag-CuO nanofluid. The hybrid nanofluid flows over a stretching/shrinking sheet with a magnetic field, porous medium, and multiple slips. Then, the bvp4c solver is utilized to solve the non-linear ordinary differential equations and boundary conditions derived from the similarity transformations. The computation produces two solutions, and stability analysis is performed. The implementation of stability analysis provides novelty to this study in determining the stable and physically meaningful solution. Additionally, the analysis of other controlling parameters on the hybrid nanofluid flow is also conducted. Since only the first solution is deemed stable and has physical significance, the discussion is centered around the behavior of this solution. The porous medium is found to dwindle the momentum boundary layer. Meanwhile, the inclusion of the porous medium and the increment of nanoparticle Volume fraction of Ag enhances the heat and mass transfer rates. The imposition of the magnetic field reduces the momentum boundary layer thickness over the stretching/shrinking sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]