In vivo toxicity evaluation and antibacterial assessment of vanadium doped Bi2Se3 synthesized by cost effective method.

Bismuth selenide-based nanomaterials are introduced as theranostic agents, primarily enhancing their antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. Pure Bi 2 Se 3 and V doped Bi 2 Se 3 with V = 0.07 g, 0.12 g, and 0.15 g were synthesized by using Sol-gel Technique. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns demonstrated that the manufactured samples were crystalline in nature having rhombohedral structure. The average crystallite sizes of V x Bi 2-x S 3 were calculated by Scherrer formula in the range (24.9–11.0 nm). The average crystallite size reduced as doping concentrations increased (0–0.15 g). The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectra confirms that the peaks corresponds to 900–600 cm−1 indicates Bi–Se bond stretching, whereas vibrations exhibit peaks between 704 cm−1 - 830 cm−1 in doped samples correspond to V–O bond. UV–Visible analysis shows that the band gap of doped Bi 2 Se 3 increased from (2.57 eV–2.90 eV) having standard error 0.02, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.02 respectively as the concentrations of doping increased (0.0–0.15 g), respectively. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) study of pure Bi 2 Se 3 showed nanosized particles, and for doped, a clear change in morphology occurred with the particles tending to agglomerate. EDAX also confirms the purity of synthesized samples. XPS analysis confirms the presence of Bi, Se and Vanadium along with chemisorbed oxygen. Antibacterial potential of synthesized samples was analyzed against Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli and cocci bacteria, which showed that the vanadium doped bismuth selenide has greater zone of inhibition than undoped bismuth selenide. Pseudomonas shows more ZOI (Zone of Inhibition) than E.coli and cocci. The maximum inhibition zone was 25 mm against Pseudomonas for V 0.15 Bi 1.85 Se 3. The In-Vivo toxicity experiment was also applied on mice's (Swiss Albino) with a higher dosage of 20 mg per kg of the prepared doped sample. The blood samples were collected and examined after 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day of treatment. The entire treatment does not cause any severe damage to mice. An evaluation of a p-value based on hematological and biochemical data was non-significant this ensures that vanadium doped Bi 2 Se 3 nanoparticles are non-toxic and biocompatible. This work proves that V-doped Bi 2 Se 3 is good for further study in many other Applications in the biomedical field, such as photo thermal therapy, imaging etc. • Nanomaterials have received attention due to their notable biological properties and applications in biomedicine. • Bismuth, selenium and Vanadium have remarkable biomedical Applications. • Antibacterial activity of Vanadium doped Bismuth selenide showed promising results. • Vanadium doped selenide are not toxic to affect the functioning body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]