Magnetic response of Ho3+ doped Ni0.4Cu0.6HoyFe2-yO4 spinel ferrites and their correlation with crystallite size.

This study investigates the magnetic response of Ho3+ doped Ni 0.4 Cu 0.6 Ho y Fe 2-y O 4 (y = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) spinel ferrites (SFs) and their correlation with crystallite size. The synthesis was achieved using a sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) route and performed different characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The cubic spinel phase was verified via XRD in pure NCF and Ho3+ doped NCF samples. The lattice constant (a) was improved from 8.344 Å to 8.378 Å. The substitution of Ho3+ ions led to a decrease in porosity from 42.22 % to 39.54 %. The introduction of Ho3+ ions also reduced the crystallite size (D) from 37.05 nm to 27.72 nm. The specific surface area (S) was increased from 27.44 g/cm2 to 36.14 g/cm2 with the doping of Ho3+. The average particle size (D S) was decreased from 54 nm to 35 nm. The EDX and ICP-AES analyses confirmed the good agreement with the theoretical composition. The VSM measurements provided insights into their magnetic properties. Furthermore, the doping of Ho3+ ions enhanced coercivity (H C), while reducing saturation magnetization (M S) from 64.35 emu/g to 16.22 emu/g. The decrease in crystalline anisotropy (K) observed at higher concentrations of Ho3+ may result from the increase in coercivity, potentially attributable to the smaller crystallite size of the single-domain SFs particles. The single-phase matrix and their magnetic behaviour showed that the Ho3+ doped Ni–Cu SFs samples are suitable for high-frequency applications. [Display omitted] • Ni 0.4 Cu 0.6 Ho y Fe 2-y O 4 was prepared via the sol-gel auto-combustion technique. • The crystallite size was the minimum (27.72 nm) for the y = 0.08 (NCHF4) sample. • The sample has y = 0.08 (NCHF4) and contains maximum coercivity (1031.44 Oe). • The sample has y = 0.08 (NCHF4) and is best-suitable for high-frequency applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]