Green reduction of graphene oxide using Rumex vesicarius extracts and study of antibacterial activity.

The study examines the in vitro biological responses to reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and looks at how rGO can be synthesized from Rumex vesicarius leaf extract, a more environmentally friendly approach. A range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques thoroughly describe the environmentally produced rGO. From the XRD spectral data, a clear 2θ increase to 24.25° can be seen, confirming the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into rGO. Furthermore, FTIR spectra indicate that deoxygenation of GO is indeed successful. Using FESEM, it can be explained how rGO is created through a morphological change in GO, and EDX analysis reveals that there has been an initial decrease from 38% to only 18%. Allowing the biotinylated rGO nanosheets to successfully synthesize Rumex vesicarius, a green reducing agent (i.e., one that acts as an antioxidant), takes advantage of all bioactive compounds in its leaf extract, exerting their individual effects upon it. This bio-reduced rGO also has remarkable antibacterial properties. In particular, it is effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research is directed to the dire urgency for novel, efficient biomaterials in light of highly infectious pathogenic bacterial strains resistant to traditional antibiotics. They note that cells of bio-reduced rGO have the potential as a medical agent to combat antibiotic resistance, stressing the importance of bio-reduction in current time when there is mounting concern about antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]