Perovskite solar cell enhancement by tin oxide modification via doping sodium trifluoroacetate.

[Display omitted] • The SnO 2 -based ETL layer was enhanced by trap density reduction and making a small energy barrier between ETL and perovskite. • Using sodium trifluoroacetate, the electron mobility of the SnO 2 -based ETL was increased. • The CBM of SnO 2 was modified by reducing the energy barrier of SnO 2 and perovskite films. • By doping sodium trifluoroacetate in the SnO 2 film, the PCE of the perovskite solar cell changed dramatically. Recently, perovskite solar cells have attracted a lot of attention due to their great potential to get high performance and favorable features. One of the most dealt with electron transport layers (ETL) in perovskite solar cells is tin(IV) oxide because of its favorable band alignment in comparison with perovskite active layers' energy band and high charge mobility. Nevertheless, this famous ETL layer has some disadvantages that until now researchers are trying to solve them and the large amount of surface trap density of tin oxide crystals is one of these adverse features. In this research, we offer a new method to enhance the mobility and decrease the surface trape density of the tin oxide crystals ETL by doping sodium trifluoroacetate. By doping sodium trifluoroacetate to ETL Tin oxide-based ETL, the amount of oxygen vacancies in the ETL film shows great decrement and results in enhancement of the electron extraction in the perovskite solar cell. By using doped tin oxide-based ETL in the perovskite solar cell, we were able to achieve 19.51 % of solar cell efficiency with remarkable enhancement in comparison with tin oxide-based ETL without doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]