Monoculturalism.

This article traces the history of programming from source to frameworks. The notion of dynamic linking, which long predates Window's Dynamic Link Library, now lets programs invoke common routines without including them in every program's executable file. Programs become nondeterministic on a grand scale, because they depend on Other People's Code that not only is not included in the executable file, but may differ from run to run. On the hardware side, classic small-scale embedded system design started with datasheets for single integrated circuits that were actually comprehensible to one person. Evaluation board code tends to be written for the very specific purpose of showing how the circuit works. Considerations of reliability, error handling, overall structure, and security tend to fall by the wayside even in ordinary projects, but particularly for sample code that is written very, very early in the chip's design stage. Early in 2005, a trio of researchers from Shandong and Princeton Universities announced, without giving the details, an attack on SHA-1 message digest algorithm. Dallas Semiconductor subsequently produced a white paper describing the effect of the attack on its high-security memory devices.