Formation mechanism of BaTiO3 nanowire through heterogeneous nucleation using K2Ti4O9 as template.

This work demonstrates a mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation for the synthesis of BaTiO 3 nanowires utilizing K 2 Ti 4 O 9 as template by manipulating alkalinity, temperature and reaction time. Results suggest that the synthesis of BaTiO 3 does not occur through a hydrothermal ion-exchange, instead, the predominant mechanism observed is the heterogeneous of dissolution-crystallization. The consistency of crystallographic orientation for BaTiO 3 nanowires is affected by the hydrothermal conditions. BaTiO 3 nanowires synthesized at 190 °C/0.2 M exhibit a uniform (100)/(001) crystallographic orientation, albeit not consistently along the length of the nanowires, while BaTiO 3 crystal grains no longer have the same crystallographic orientation at 190 °C/0.8 M. By investigating the reaction mechanism of BaTiO 3 , this work may have great significance for the synthesis of perovskite-type MTiO 3 (M = Ba,Ca, Sr, Pb) utilizing layered titanates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]