The development and challenges of sea tolls in supporting Indonesia's vision 2045.

The Sea Tolls (Tol Laut) Policy is an implementation to perceive Indonesia's 2045 Vision of sustainable economic and equitable development. The Sea Tolls are expected to increase national economic growth as part of the logistics system. Experts say 90% of global trade uses sea transportation as the primary mode, and about 40% passes through Indonesian waters. The disparity in the price of basic needs has become the spirit of the issuance of the sea toll. In its implementation, it is necessary to evaluate and identify obstacles to implement mitigation towards a direction more aligned with field conditions and needs. Its implementation requires evaluating and identifying mitigating obstacles towards a direction more aligned with field conditions and needs. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The literature review is used to identify sea tolls performance, which includes existing conditions, fleet development, routes, and freight and field constraints. Further analysis was carried out to obtain the influence factor on the low performance of several routes serving underdeveloped (tertingggal), remote (terpencil), outermost (terluar) and border (perbatasan), abbreviated as (3TP), as recommendations for strengthening the sustainability of the sea tolls program freight. The growth of sea toll service routes is increasing yearly; in the last five years, routes have reached 21.15%, and cargo performance has grown by 20.51% in the last five years. The performance of sea tolls to reduce price disparities is still relatively small. Ports in the 3TP area served by the sea toll program are only 59.23% of the total ports served by sea tolls. The main problems faced in implementing the current sea tolls are divided into three aspects, namely aspects of service, infrastructure, commodities, and freight. Therefore, the sustainable improvement of sea tolls performance requires issuing technical regulations and synchronization related to transportation route planning and developing adequate port infrastructure. To support the freight transportation program, improving human resources, micro, small and medium industries in 3TP areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]