Integrated optimization of train line planning and timetabling: a new method of changing train operation zone and direct-service of cross-line ODs.

Cross-line operation increases accessibility to the railway network. However, its long-distance operation is quite difficult due to the transport resource limitations. To provide good transportation plans for operators and more direct services for cross-line passengers, we propose a new method of changing operation zones of cross-line trains, which can be summarized as the integrated train line planning and timetabling problem. A model is established to minimize deviation of same-line trains from ideal timetables and maximize cross-line origin-destination direct services. A Lagrangian relaxation approach and an improved priority-rule heuristic algorithm are developed to solve large-scale problems and obtain feasible solutions. Reality-based instances are conducted on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and its connecting lines to verify the performance of the model and solution approach. The results show the benefit of changing train operation zones, and the model and approach can help to generate a good balance between operating profit and passenger demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]