Antioxidant extraction of Terminalia catappa L. seeds waste using ultrasonic bath methods with ethanol and ethyl acetate fractions.

Terminalia catappa L. is commonly found as a shade tree in parks or along roads, owing to its expansive and shady canopies. Belonging to the group of wild plants, these trees were not extensively cultivated, resulting in their limited economic value. Despite this, they are recognized for their fruits containing bioactive compounds, specifically antioxidants known as tannins. Tannins, active secondary metabolite compounds, exhibit various properties, including astringency, anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The tannin component in the seeds is particularly noted for its potent antioxidant effect within the tannin group. The bioactive components can be extracted from the seeds using various methods, with conventional extraction being both time-consuming and energy-intensive. To enhance efficiency, ultrasonic extraction with an ultrasonic bath is identified as one of the effective methods. This study aimed to investigate the impact of temperature, solvent type, and extraction time using the ultrasonic method on the maximum total phenolic content. Ethanol and ethyl acetate were the solvents employed. The determination of total phenol was conducted using UV-Vis, and the compounds obtained were characterized using GCMS and SEM. The optimal conditions for total phenol content were identified as a 1:2 ratio of ethanol to ethyl acetate at 50°C for 40 minutes, resulting in a total phenol content of 520 mg EAG/g and an IC50 value of 10.4 µg/ml. The characterized phenol compounds included: 1) p-mentha-1,8(10)-diene-3,9-diol - 9-acetate, 2) Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 3) Phenol, 4-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, 4) Nonylphenol, and 5) Benzene propanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]