A non-surjective Wigner-type theorem in terms of equivalent pairs of subspaces.

Let H be an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space and let G ∞ (H) be the set of all closed subspaces of H whose dimension and codimension both are infinite. We investigate (not necessarily surjective) transformations of G ∞ (H) sending every pair of subspaces to an equivalent pair of subspaces; two pairs of subspaces are equivalent if there is a linear isometry sending one of these pairs to the other. Let f be such a transformation. We show that there is up to a scalar multiple a unique linear or conjugate-linear isometry L : H → H such that for every X ∈ G ∞ (H) the image f (X) is the sum of L (X) and a certain closed subspace O (X) orthogonal to the range of L. In the case when H is separable, we give the following sufficient condition to assert that f is induced by a linear or conjugate-linear isometry: if O (X) = 0 for a certain X ∈ G ∞ (H) , then O (Y) = 0 for all Y ∈ G ∞ (H). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]