The laser pump X‐ray probe system at LISA P08 PETRA III.

Understanding and controlling the structure and function of liquid interfaces is a constant challenge in biology, nanoscience and nanotechnology, with applications ranging from molecular electronics to controlled drug release. X‐ray reflectivity and grazing incidence diffraction provide invaluable probes for studying the atomic scale structure at liquid–air interfaces. The new time‐resolved laser system at the LISA liquid diffractometer situated at beamline P08 at the PETRA III synchrotron radiation source in Hamburg provides a laser pump with X‐ray probe. The femtosecond laser combined with the LISA diffractometer allows unique opportunities to investigate photo‐induced structural changes at liquid interfaces on the pico‐ and nanosecond time scales with pump–probe techniques. A time resolution of 38 ps has been achieved and verified with Bi. First experiments include laser‐induced effects on salt solutions and liquid mercury surfaces with static and varied time scales measurements showing the proof of concept for investigations at liquid surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]