VISTA: A Novel Checkpoint for Cancer Immunotherapy.

[Display omitted] • VISTA is highly expressed on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), expressed at low levels on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and can be expressed on other tumor cells. • VISTA maintains naïve T cell and myeloid quiescence, which inhibits T cell activation and cytokine production. • VISTA exerts its immunomodulatory functions as a ligand and receptor by binding to PSGL-1 or VSIG3. • VISTA has a potential role as a prognostic indicator in some cancers, but conflicting results have been reported. • This review outlines the limitations of conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and explores the promising prospects for the use of VISTA as a novel ICI. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a recently identified member of the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins. It is pivotal for maintaining T cell quiescence and exerts a significant regulatory influence on the immune response to tumors. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that the influence of VISTA on tumor immunity is more nuanced than initially postulated. Although these revelations add layers of complexity to our understanding of the function of VISTA, they also offer novel avenues for scientific inquiry and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we scrutinize the current literature pertaining to the expression of VISTA in various of malignancies, aiming to elucidate its intricate roles within the tumor microenvironment and in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]