Retraction of: Computational fluid dynamic simulations to improve heat transfer in shell tube heat exchangers.

The article titled "Computational fluid dynamic simulations to improve heat transfer in shell tube heat exchangers" has been retracted due to significant errors and concerns raised by a third-party. The retraction is based on missing boundary conditions and numerical validation, leading the journal to lose confidence in the reported data and results. The authors of the article are Rahmad Syah, Amir Bateni, Kamran Valizadeh, Marischa Elveny, Mehdi Shaeban Jahanian, Dadan Ramdan, and Afshin Davarpanah. [Extracted from the article]