Preparation of WC@graphene reinforced titanium diboride‐based composite ceramic materials fabricated via SPS.

Liquid‐phase laser irradiation technology was utilized to synthesize graphene‐coated tungsten carbide (WC@G) core–shell composite materials with regular spherical morphology. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy revealed the evolution of WC particle microstructure from sharp edges to regular spherical shapes post‐laser irradiation. High‐resolution TEM displayed a tightly knit core–shell structure. Raman spectroscopy confirmed graphene presence through D, G, and 2D peaks. Incorporation of WC@G into a titanium diboride matrix, followed by discharge plasma sintering, yielded TiB2/WC@G composite ceramic materials. Compared to TiB2/WC/G composite ceramic materials, the WC@G core–shell structure significantly enhanced sintering performance. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved with 6 wt.% WC@G, exhibiting a relative density of 99.6%, Vickers hardness of 18.5 GPa, flexural strength of 696.9 MPa, and fracture toughness of 8.5 MPa m1/2. Characterization identified graphene detachment, pull‐out, and fracture deflection as key mechanisms enhancing toughness in TiB2/WC@G composite ceramic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]