Dynamic processes of positive/negative immune-vascular crosstalk loop via functional MRI-guided monitor.

Schematic illustration of the manufacturing process of the bioprobes and dynamical monitoring of "immune-vascular crosstalk" changing processes via multi-functional MRI. [Display omitted] • Identify varying PTT levels to set positive/negative tumor immune-vascular crosstalk status. • Sensitively multi-functional MR imaging normalized/ablated tumor vascular status. • Imaging-guided vascular status uncover underlying tumor immune environments status. • Pathology-based monitoring positive/negative IVC loop via functional MRI-guided. Immunotherapy holds significant promise to completely eliminate tumor, yet lack of timely evaluation of immune responses, which challenged by inherent lagging and pseudoprogression during immunotherapy. Immune-vascular crosstalk (IVC), an enhancement ring for the mutual regulation linking tumor vascular normalization with immune remodeling forms, emerging as a systematic indicator for immunotherapy outcomes, necessitates timely, non-invasive, and early detection of its status to enhance clinical benefits. Herein, positive and negative loop models of tumor IVC were established using different degree of photothermal therapy (PTT) based on NaBiF 4 :Gd@PDA@PEG nanoprobes. Multi-functional magnetic resonance imaging, including fast spoiled gradient-recalled (FSPGR), time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKs) and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion weighted imaging (DSC-PWI), was applied to dynamically reflect normalized/ablated tumor vasculature, well-matched increased/decreased immune response corresponding to different status of IVC, confirmed by pathology results. This study proposes a novel biological method to noninvasively detect the positive/negative IVC loop, paving the visualized way for immunotherapy assessed benefits, which is expected to be extended to clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]