Turning Pd-catalysed direct C–H arylation of thiophene derivatives into green : industrial wastewater as an effective reaction medium.

The Pd-catalysed direct C–H arylation of thiophene derivatives, appealing for technological application, is performed under green conditions using water as the sole reaction medium. The reaction is independent of the grade of the water, thus enabling the virtuous repurposing of low-purity grade industrial wastewater, allowing one to bring the process to the gram scale and improve its green metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]